Xanthelasma are yellow plaques that occur most commonly near the inner canthus of the eyelid, more often on the upper lid than the lower lid. Xanthelasma palpebrarum is the most common cutaneous xanthoma.
Xanthelasma can be soft, semisolid, or calcareous. Frequently, they are symmetrical; often, 4 lids are involved. Xanthelasma have a tendency to progress, coalesce, and become permanent.
The term xanthelasma is derived from the Greek xanthos (yello
Pathophysiology
One half of these lesions are associated with elevated plasma lipid levels. Some occur with altered lipoprotein composition or structure, such as lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. They frequently occur in patients with type II hyperlipidemia and in the type IV phenotypew) and elasma (beaten metal plate).- Eruptive xanthomas can be seen in primary and secondary causes of hyperlipidemia.
- Examples of primary genetic causes include familial dyslipoproteinemia, familial hypertriglyceridemia, and familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency.
- Diabetes that is out of control is a common cause of secondary hyperlipidemia. However, most xanthelasma occur in normolipemic persons who may have low HDL cholesterol levels or other lipoprotein abnormalities.
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Allan
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